Used to describe characteristics, averages, trends, etc.Variables are measured without influencing them.Used to test whether (and how strongly) variables are related.Often conducted in a natural environment.Often involves comparing the outcomes of pre-existing groups.Similar to experimental design, but without random assignment.Usually conducted in a controlled environment (e.g.Subjects are randomly assigned to groups.Involves manipulating an independent variable and measuring its effect on a dependent variable.Experimental and quasi-experimental designs allow you to test cause-and-effect relationships, while descriptive and correlational designs allow you to measure variables and describe relationships between them. Quantitative designs can be split into four main types. Each type provides a framework for the overall shape of your research. Within both qualitative and quantitative approaches, there are several types of research design to choose from. statistical analysis or interview techniques)?Р”Р„t each stage of the research design process, make sure that your choices are practically feasible. Do you have the necessary research skills (e.g.by travelling to a specific location or contacting specific people)? Will you be able to gain access to the data you need (e.g.

How much time do you have to collect data and write up the research?.

If your research involves people or animals, you also need to consider research ethics. Practical and ethical considerations when designing researchР”Р„s well as scientific considerations, you need to think practically when designing your research. By combining qualitative and quantitative insights, you can gain a more complete picture of the problem youРІР‚в„ўre studying and strengthen the credibility of your conclusions. ItРІР‚в„ўs also possible to use a mixed-methods design that integrates aspects of both approaches. You can use this type of research to measure learning outcomes like grades and test scores. Quantitative research exampleIf you want to test the effectiveness of an online teaching method, a quantitative approach is most suitable. Quantitative research designs tend to be more fixed and deductive, with variables and hypotheses clearly defined in advance of data collection. You can use this type of research to explore exactly what teachers and students struggle with in remote classes. Qualitative research exampleIf you want to generate new ideas for online teaching strategies, a qualitative approach would make the most sense. Qualitative research designs tend to be more flexible and inductive, allowing you to adjust your approach based on what you find throughout the research process.

Test the effectiveness of a new treatment, program or product.

Test hypotheses about relationships between variables.

Measure variables and describe frequencies, averages, and correlations.

Explore under-researched problems and generate new ideas.

Gain in-depth knowledge of a specific context or culture.

Understand subjective experiences, beliefs, and concepts.

The first choice you need to make is whether youРІР‚в„ўll take a qualitative or quantitative approach.

Your research design choices should be driven by your aims and priorities-start by thinking carefully about what you want to achieve. There are many different ways you could go about answering this question. Research question exampleHow can teachers adapt their lessons for effective remote learning? Probability vs non-probability samplingР”В«efore you can start designing your research, you should already have a clear idea of the research question you want to investigate.

Ask and it is given processes